solvespace · ruevs · Apr 8, 2026 · Mar 12, 2025 · Mar 31, 2026 · Mar 31, 2026
diff --git a/src/clipboard.cpp b/src/clipboard.cpp
@@ -209,7 +209,7 @@ void GraphicsWindow::PasteClipboard(Vector trans, double theta, double scale) {
             // Likewise the scale, which could otherwise take us out of the
             // workplane.
             pt = pt.ScaledBy(fabs(scale));
-            pt = pt.ScaleOutOfCsys(u, v, Vector::From(0, 0, 0));
+            pt = pt.ScaleOutOfCsys(u, v, {0, 0, 0});
             pt = pt.Plus(p);
             pt = pt.RotatedAbout(n, theta);
             pt = pt.Plus(trans);
@@ -338,7 +338,7 @@ void GraphicsWindow::MenuClipboard(Command id) {
             Entity *wrkpl  = SK.GetEntity(SS.GW.ActiveWorkplane());
             Vector p = SK.GetEntity(wrkpl->point[0])->PointGetNum();
             SS.TW.shown.paste.times  = 1;
-            SS.TW.shown.paste.trans  = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
+            SS.TW.shown.paste.trans  = {};
             SS.TW.shown.paste.theta  = 0;
             SS.TW.shown.paste.origin = p;
             SS.TW.shown.paste.scale  = 1;

diff --git a/src/confscreen.cpp b/src/confscreen.cpp
@@ -98,7 +98,7 @@ void TextWindow::ScreenChangeTurntableNav(int link, uint32_t v) {
     SS.turntableNav = !SS.turntableNav;
     if(SS.turntableNav) {
         // If turntable nav is being turned on, align view so Z is vertical
-        SS.GW.AnimateOnto(Quaternion::From(Vector::From(-1, 0, 0), Vector::From(0, 0, 1)),
+        SS.GW.AnimateOnto(Quaternion::From({-1, 0, 0}, {0, 0, 1}),
                           SS.GW.offset);
     }
 }
@@ -406,7 +406,7 @@ bool TextWindow::EditControlDoneForConfiguration(const std::string &s) {
         case Edit::LIGHT_DIRECTION: {
             double x, y, z;
             if(sscanf(s.c_str(), "%lf, %lf, %lf", &x, &y, &z)==3) {
-                SS.lightDir[edit.i] = Vector::From(x, y, z);
+                SS.lightDir[edit.i] = {x, y, z};
                 SS.GW.Invalidate();
             } else {
                 Error(_("Bad format: specify coordinates as x, y, z"));

diff --git a/src/constraint.cpp b/src/constraint.cpp
@@ -320,7 +320,7 @@ void Constraint::MenuConstrain(Command id) {
                 c.disp.offset = n.Cross(a.Minus(b));
                 c.disp.offset = (c.disp.offset).WithMagnitude(50/SS.GW.scale);
             } else {
-                c.disp.offset = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
+                c.disp.offset = {};
             }
 
             if(id == Command::REF_DISTANCE) {

diff --git a/src/draw.cpp b/src/draw.cpp
@@ -211,8 +211,8 @@ void GraphicsWindow::MakeSelected(Selection *stog) {
 //-----------------------------------------------------------------------------
 void GraphicsWindow::SelectByMarquee() {
     Point2d marqueePoint = ProjectPoint(orig.marqueePoint);
-    BBox marqueeBBox = BBox::From(Vector::From(marqueePoint.x, marqueePoint.y, VERY_NEGATIVE),
-                                  Vector::From(orig.mouse.x,   orig.mouse.y,   VERY_POSITIVE));
+    BBox marqueeBBox = BBox::From({marqueePoint.x, marqueePoint.y, VERY_NEGATIVE},
+                                  {orig.mouse.x, orig.mouse.y, VERY_POSITIVE});
 
     for(Entity &e : SK.entity) {
         if(e.group != SS.GW.activeGroup) continue;
@@ -583,7 +583,7 @@ Vector GraphicsWindow::UnProjectPoint3(Vector p) {
 
 void GraphicsWindow::NormalizeProjectionVectors() {
     if(projRight.Magnitude() < LENGTH_EPS) {
-        projRight = Vector::From(1, 0, 0);
+        projRight = {1, 0, 0};
     }
 
     Vector norm = projRight.Cross(projUp);

diff --git a/src/drawconstraint.cpp b/src/drawconstraint.cpp
@@ -742,8 +742,8 @@ void Constraint::DoLayout(DrawAs how, Canvas *canvas,
                 RgbaColor cd = Style::Color(Style::DATUM),
                           cc = Style::Color(Style::CONSTRAINT);
                 // convert from 8-bit color to a vector
-                Vector vd = Vector::From(cd.redF(), cd.greenF(), cd.blueF()),
-                       vc = Vector::From(cc.redF(), cc.greenF(), cc.blueF());
+                Vector vd = {cd.redF(), cd.greenF(), cd.blueF()},
+                       vc = {cc.redF(), cc.greenF(), cc.blueF()};
                 // and scale the constraint color to have the same magnitude as
                 // the datum color, maybe a bit dimmer
                 vc = vc.WithMagnitude(vd.Magnitude()*0.9);
@@ -886,7 +886,7 @@ void Constraint::DoLayout(DrawAs how, Canvas *canvas,
         }
 
         case Type::PERPENDICULAR: {
-            Vector u = Vector::From(0, 0, 0), v = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
+            Vector u = {}, v = {};
             Vector rn, ru;
             if(workplane == Entity::FREE_IN_3D) {
                 rn = gn;
@@ -1043,7 +1043,7 @@ void Constraint::DoLayout(DrawAs how, Canvas *canvas,
         case Type::LENGTH_RATIO:
         case Type::LENGTH_DIFFERENCE:
         case Type::EQUAL_LENGTH_LINES: {
-            Vector a, b = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
+            Vector a, b;
             for(int i = 0; i < 2; i++) {
                 Entity *e = SK.GetEntity(i == 0 ? entityA : entityB);
                 a = SK.GetEntity(e->point[0])->PointGetNum();
@@ -1092,11 +1092,10 @@ void Constraint::DoLayout(DrawAs how, Canvas *canvas,
         }
         case Type::ARC_LINE_LEN_RATIO:
         case Type::ARC_LINE_DIFFERENCE: {
-            Vector a, b = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
-            Vector ref;
             Entity *e = SK.GetEntity(entityA);
-            a = SK.GetEntity(e->point[0])->PointGetNum();
-            b = SK.GetEntity(e->point[1])->PointGetNum();
+            Vector a  = SK.GetEntity(e->point[0])->PointGetNum(),
+                   b = SK.GetEntity(e->point[1])->PointGetNum();
+            Vector ref;
             DoEqualLenTicks(canvas, hcs, a, b, gn, &ref);
             if(refs) refs->push_back(ref);
             DoEqualRadiusTicks(canvas, hcs, entityB, &ref);

diff --git a/src/drawentity.cpp b/src/drawentity.cpp
@@ -263,8 +263,8 @@ void Entity::ComputeInterpolatingSpline(SBezierList *sbl, bool periodic) const {
 
     // The starting and finishing control points that define our end tangents
     // (if the spline isn't periodic), and the on-curve points.
-    Vector ctrl_s = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
-    Vector ctrl_f = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
+    Vector ctrl_s = {};
+    Vector ctrl_f = {};
     Vector pt[MAX_N+4];
     if(periodic) {
         for(i = 0; i < ep + 3; i++) {
@@ -362,24 +362,24 @@ void Entity::ComputeInterpolatingSpline(SBezierList *sbl, bool periodic) const {
         if(periodic) {
             p0 = pt[i];
             int iw = WRAP(i - 1, n);
-            p1 = p0.Plus(Vector::From(Xx[iw], Xy[iw], Xz[iw]));
+            p1 = p0.Plus({Xx[iw], Xy[iw], Xz[iw]});
         } else if(i == 0) {
             p0 = pt[0];
             p1 = ctrl_s;
         } else {
             p0 = pt[i];
-            p1 = p0.Plus(Vector::From(Xx[i-1], Xy[i-1], Xz[i-1]));
+            p1 = p0.Plus({Xx[i-1], Xy[i-1], Xz[i-1]});
         }
         if(periodic) {
             p3 = pt[i+1];
             int iw = WRAP(i, n);
-            p2 = p3.Minus(Vector::From(Xx[iw], Xy[iw], Xz[iw]));
+            p2 = p3.Minus({Xx[iw], Xy[iw], Xz[iw]});
         } else if(i == (pts - 2)) {
             p3 = pt[pts-1];
             p2 = ctrl_f;
         } else {
             p3 = pt[i+1];
-            p2 = p3.Minus(Vector::From(Xx[i], Xy[i], Xz[i]));
+            p2 = p3.Minus({Xx[i], Xy[i], Xz[i]});
         }
         SBezier sb = SBezier::From(p0, p1, p2, p3);
         sbl->l.Add(&sb);
@@ -503,7 +503,7 @@ Vector Entity::ExplodeOffset() const {
         double offset = SS.explodeDistance * (requestIdx + 1);
         return SK.GetEntity(workplane)->Normal()->NormalN().ScaledBy(offset);
     } else {
-        return Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
+        return {};
     }
 }
 

diff --git a/src/entity.cpp b/src/entity.cpp
@@ -723,7 +723,7 @@ bool EntityBase::IsFace() const {
 ExprVector EntityBase::FaceGetNormalExprs() const {
     ExprVector r;
     if(type == Type::FACE_NORMAL_PT) {
-        Vector v = Vector::From(numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz);
+        Vector v = {numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz};
         r = ExprVector::From(v.WithMagnitude(1));
     } else if(type == Type::FACE_XPROD) {
         ExprVector vc = ExprVector::From(param[0], param[1], param[2]);
@@ -752,20 +752,20 @@ ExprVector EntityBase::FaceGetNormalExprs() const {
 Vector EntityBase::FaceGetNormalNum() const {
     Vector r;
     if(type == Type::FACE_NORMAL_PT) {
-        r = Vector::From(numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz);
+        r = {numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz};
     } else if(type == Type::FACE_XPROD) {
         Vector vc = Vector::From(param[0], param[1], param[2]);
-        Vector vn = Vector::From(numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz);
+        Vector vn = {numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz};
         r = vc.Cross(vn);
     } else if(type == Type::FACE_N_ROT_TRANS) {
         // The numerical normal vector gets the rotation
-        r = Vector::From(numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz);
+        r = {numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz};
         Quaternion q = Quaternion::From(param[3], param[4], param[5], param[6]);
         r = q.Rotate(r);
     } else if(type == Type::FACE_N_TRANS) {
-        r = Vector::From(numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz);
+        r = {numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz};
     } else if((type == Type::FACE_N_ROT_AA) || (type == Type::FACE_ROT_NORMAL_PT)) {
-        r = Vector::From(numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz);
+        r = {numNormal.vx, numNormal.vy, numNormal.vz};
         Quaternion q = GetAxisAngleQuaternion(3);
         r = q.Rotate(r);
     } else ssassert(false, "Unexpected entity type");

diff --git a/src/export.cpp b/src/export.cpp
@@ -246,10 +246,10 @@ void SolveSpaceUI::ExportViewOrWireframeTo(const Platform::Path &filename, bool
     }
 
     if(exportWireframe) {
-        Vector u = Vector::From(1.0, 0.0, 0.0),
-               v = Vector::From(0.0, 1.0, 0.0),
-               n = Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 1.0),
-               origin = Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
+        Vector u = {1.0, 0.0, 0.0},
+               v = {0.0, 1.0, 0.0},
+               n = {0.0, 0.0, 1.0},
+               origin = {};
         double cameraTan = 0.0,
                scale = 1.0;
 
@@ -344,7 +344,7 @@ void SolveSpaceUI::ExportLinesAndMesh(SEdgeList *sel, SBezierList *sbl, SMesh *s
         sel->Clear();
 
         SPolygon compd = {};
-        sp.normal = Vector::From(0, 0, -1);
+        sp.normal = {0, 0, -1};
         sp.FixContourDirections();
         sp.OffsetInto(&compd, SS.exportOffset*s);
         sp.Clear();
@@ -591,9 +591,9 @@ void SolveSpaceUI::ExportLinesAndMesh(SEdgeList *sel, SBezierList *sbl, SMesh *s
     // will then get exported as closed paths.
     SBezierLoopSetSet sblss = {};
     SBezierLoopSet leftovers = {};
-    SSurface srf = SSurface::FromPlane(Vector::From(0, 0, 0),
-                                       Vector::From(1, 0, 0),
-                                       Vector::From(0, 1, 0));
+    SSurface srf = SSurface::FromPlane({0, 0, 0},
+                                       {1, 0, 0},
+                                       {0, 1, 0});
     SPolygon spxyz = {};
     bool allClosed;
     SEdge notClosedAt;
@@ -685,8 +685,8 @@ void VectorFileWriter::OutputLinesAndMesh(SBezierLoopSetSet *sblss, SMesh *sm) {
     SBezier *b;
 
     // First calculate the bounding box.
-    ptMin = Vector::From(VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE);
-    ptMax = Vector::From(VERY_NEGATIVE, VERY_NEGATIVE, VERY_NEGATIVE);
+    ptMin = {VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE};
+    ptMax = {VERY_NEGATIVE, VERY_NEGATIVE, VERY_NEGATIVE};
     if(sm) {
         for(tr = sm->l.First(); tr; tr = sm->l.NextAfter(tr)) {
             (tr->a).MakeMaxMin(&ptMax, &ptMin);

diff --git a/src/exportvector.cpp b/src/exportvector.cpp
@@ -311,10 +311,10 @@ class DxfWriteInterface : public DRW_Interface {
     int findDxfColor(const RgbaColor &src) {
         int best = 0;
         double minDist = VERY_POSITIVE;
-        Vector srcv = Vector::From(src.redF(), src.greenF(), src.blueF());
+        Vector srcv = {src.redF(), src.greenF(), src.blueF()};
         for(int i = 1; i < 256; i++) {
             RgbaColor dst = RGBi(DRW::dxfColors[i][0], DRW::dxfColors[i][1], DRW::dxfColors[i][2]);
-            Vector dstv = Vector::From(dst.redF(), dst.greenF(), dst.blueF());
+            Vector dstv = {dst.redF(), dst.greenF(), dst.blueF()};
             double dist = srcv.Minus(dstv).Magnitude();
             if(dist < minDist || best == 0) {
                 best = i;
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ class DxfWriteInterface : public DRW_Interface {
     void writeBezier(SBezier *sb) {
         hStyle hs = { (uint32_t)sb->auxA };
         Vector c;
-        Vector n = Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 1.0);
+        Vector n = {0.0, 0.0, 1.0};
         double r;
 
         if(sb->deg == 1) {
@@ -732,7 +732,7 @@ void EpsFileWriter::StartPath(RgbaColor strokeRgb, double lineWidth,
                               bool filled, RgbaColor fillRgb, hStyle hs)
 {
     fprintf(f, "newpath\r\n");
-    prevPt = Vector::From(VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE);
+    prevPt = {VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE};
 }
 void EpsFileWriter::FinishPath(RgbaColor strokeRgb, double lineWidth,
                                bool filled, RgbaColor fillRgb, hStyle hs)
@@ -789,7 +789,7 @@ void EpsFileWriter::Triangle(STriangle *tr) {
 }
 
 void EpsFileWriter::Bezier(SBezier *sb) {
-    Vector c, n = Vector::From(0, 0, 1);
+    Vector c, n = {0, 0, 1};
     double r;
     if(sb->deg == 1) {
         MaybeMoveTo(sb->ctrl[0], sb->ctrl[1]);
@@ -999,7 +999,7 @@ void PdfFileWriter::StartPath(RgbaColor strokeRgb, double lineWidth,
             fillRgb.redF(), fillRgb.greenF(), fillRgb.blueF());
     }
 
-    prevPt = Vector::From(VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE);
+    prevPt = {VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE};
 }
 void PdfFileWriter::FinishPath(RgbaColor strokeRgb, double lineWidth,
                                bool filled, RgbaColor fillRgb, hStyle hs)
@@ -1133,7 +1133,7 @@ void SvgFileWriter::StartPath(RgbaColor strokeRgb, double lineWidth,
                               bool filled, RgbaColor fillRgb, hStyle hs)
 {
     fprintf(f, "<path d='");
-    prevPt = Vector::From(VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE);
+    prevPt = {VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE, VERY_POSITIVE};
 }
 void SvgFileWriter::FinishPath(RgbaColor strokeRgb, double lineWidth,
                                bool filled, RgbaColor fillRgb, hStyle hs)
@@ -1168,7 +1168,7 @@ void SvgFileWriter::Triangle(STriangle *tr) {
 }
 
 void SvgFileWriter::Bezier(SBezier *sb) {
-    Vector c, n = Vector::From(0, 0, 1);
+    Vector c, n = {0, 0, 1};
     double r;
     if(sb->deg == 1) {
         MaybeMoveTo(sb->ctrl[0], sb->ctrl[1]);

diff --git a/src/generate.cpp b/src/generate.cpp
@@ -421,7 +421,7 @@ void SolveSpaceUI::ForceReferences() {
         Entity *wrkpl = SK.GetEntity(hr.entity(0));
         // The origin for our coordinate system, always zero
         Entity *origin = SK.GetEntity(wrkpl->point[0]);
-        origin->PointForceTo(Vector::From(0, 0, 0));
+        origin->PointForceTo({0, 0, 0});
         origin->construction = true;
         SK.GetParam(origin->param[0])->known = true;
         SK.GetParam(origin->param[1])->known = true;

diff --git a/src/graphicswin.cpp b/src/graphicswin.cpp
@@ -392,9 +392,9 @@ void GraphicsWindow::PopulateRecentFiles() {
 
 void GraphicsWindow::Init() {
     scale     = 5;
-    offset    = Vector::From(0, 0, 0);
-    projRight = Vector::From(1, 0, 0);
-    projUp    = Vector::From(0, 1, 0);
+    offset    = {0, 0, 0};
+    projRight = {1, 0, 0};
+    projUp    = {0, 1, 0};
 
     // Make sure those are valid; could get a mouse move without a mouse
     // down if someone depresses the button, then drags into our window.
@@ -816,9 +816,9 @@ void GraphicsWindow::MenuView(Command id) {
         case Command::NEAREST_ORTHO:
         case Command::NEAREST_ISO: {
             static const Vector ortho[3] = {
-                Vector::From(1, 0, 0),
-                Vector::From(0, 1, 0),
-                Vector::From(0, 0, 1)
+                {1, 0, 0},
+                {0, 1, 0},
+                {0, 0, 1}
             };
             double sqrt2 = sqrt(2.0), sqrt6 = sqrt(6.0);
             Quaternion quat0 = Quaternion::From(SS.GW.projRight, SS.GW.projUp);
@@ -1216,7 +1216,7 @@ void GraphicsWindow::MenuEdit(Command id) {
             norm = norm.WithMagnitude(1);
             Quaternion qaa = Quaternion::From(norm, PI/2);
 
-            g->TransformImportedBy(Vector::From(0, 0, 0), qaa);
+            g->TransformImportedBy({0, 0, 0}, qaa);
 
             // and regenerate as necessary.
             SS.MarkGroupDirty(hg);

diff --git a/src/group.cpp b/src/group.cpp
@@ -1002,7 +1002,7 @@ void Group::MakeRevolveEndFaces(EntityList *el, hEntity pt, int ai, int af)
 
     // When there is no loop normal (e.g. if the loop is broken), use normal of workplane
     // as fallback, to avoid breaking constraints depending on the faces.
-    if(n.Equals(Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)) && src->type == Group::Type::DRAWING_WORKPLANE) {
+    if(n.Equals({0, 0, 0}) && src->type == Group::Type::DRAWING_WORKPLANE) {
         n = SK.GetEntity(src->h.entity(0))->Normal()->NormalN();
     }
 
@@ -1039,7 +1039,7 @@ void Group::MakeExtrusionTopBottomFaces(EntityList *el, hEntity pt)
 
     // When there is no loop normal (e.g. if the loop is broken), use normal of workplane
     // as fallback, to avoid breaking constraints depending on the faces.
-    if(n.Equals(Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 0.0)) && src->type == Group::Type::DRAWING_WORKPLANE) {
+    if(n.Equals({0, 0, 0}) && src->type == Group::Type::DRAWING_WORKPLANE) {
         n = SK.GetEntity(src->h.entity(0))->Normal()->NormalN();
     }
 

diff --git a/src/groupmesh.cpp b/src/groupmesh.cpp
@@ -251,7 +251,7 @@ void Group::GenerateShellAndMesh() {
 
         Vector tbot, ttop;
         if(subtype == Subtype::ONE_SIDED || subtype == Subtype::ONE_SKEWED) {
-            tbot = Vector::From(0, 0, 0); ttop = translate.ScaledBy(2);
+            tbot = {}; ttop = translate.ScaledBy(2);
         } else {
             tbot = translate.ScaledBy(-1); ttop = translate.ScaledBy(1);
         }
@@ -779,10 +779,10 @@ void Group::DrawContourAreaLabels(Canvas *canvas) {
 
         Vector min = sbls.l[0].l[0].ctrl[0];
         Vector max = min;
-        Vector zero = Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 0.0);
-        sbls.GetBoundingProjd(Vector::From(1.0, 0.0, 0.0), zero, &min.x, &max.x);
-        sbls.GetBoundingProjd(Vector::From(0.0, 1.0, 0.0), zero, &min.y, &max.y);
-        sbls.GetBoundingProjd(Vector::From(0.0, 0.0, 1.0), zero, &min.z, &max.z);
+        Vector zero = {};
+        sbls.GetBoundingProjd({1.0, 0.0, 0.0}, zero, &min.x, &max.x);
+        sbls.GetBoundingProjd({0.0, 1.0, 0.0}, zero, &min.y, &max.y);
+        sbls.GetBoundingProjd({0.0, 0.0, 1.0}, zero, &min.z, &max.z);
 
         Vector mid = min.Plus(max).ScaledBy(0.5);