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<!DOCTYPE html PUBLIC "-//W3C//DTD XHTML 1.0 Transitional//EN" "http://www.w3.org/TR/xhtml1/DTD/xhtml1-transitional.dtd">
<html xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1999/xhtml"><!-- InstanceBegin template="/Templates/template.dwt" codeOutsideHTMLIsLocked="false" -->
<head>
<meta http-equiv="Content-Type" content="text/html; charset=utf-8" />
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="doctitle" -->
<title>overview</title>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->
<!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="head" -->
<link href="VisualRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style1 {
color: #0000A0;
font-weight: bold;
}
-->
</style>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style2 {color: #009900}
-->
</style>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style3 {
font-size: large;
font-weight: bold;
}
-->
</style>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style4 {font-size: x-large}
-->
</style>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style5 {font-size: xx-large}
-->
</style>
<style type="text/css">
<!--
.style6 {
font-family: Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif;
font-size: small;
}
-->
</style>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable -->
<script type="text/javascript">
<!--
function MM_jumpMenu(targ,selObj,restore){ //v3.0
eval(targ+".location='"+selObj.options[selObj.selectedIndex].value+"'");
if (restore) selObj.selectedIndex=0;
}
//-->
</script>
<link href="VisualRef.css" rel="stylesheet" type="text/css" />
</head>
<body>
<table width="800" border="0" cellpadding="0" cellspacing="0">
<!--DWLayoutDefaultTable-->
<tr>
<td width="10" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><!--DWLayoutEmptyCell--> </td>
<td width="10" height="272" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p> </p> </td>
<td width="173" valign="top" bgcolor="#DDDDDD"><p class="Normal"><a href="index.html">Home</a></p>
<p class="Normal">If you're new to Python <br />
and VPython: <a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction</a></p>
<p class="Normal">A VPython <a href="VPython_Intro.pdf" target="_blank">tutorial</a></p>
<p class="Normal"><a href="primitives.html">Pictures</a> of 3D objects</p>
<p class="Normal">Choose an object:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu4" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose an object</option>
<option value="cylinder.html">Overview</option>
<option value="arrow.html">arrow</option>
<option value="box.html">box</option>
<option value="cone.html">cone</option>
<option value="convex.html">convex</option>
<option value="curve.html">curve</option>
<option value="cylinder.html">cylinder</option>
<option value="ellipsoid.html">ellipsoid</option>
<option value="extrusion.html">extrusion</option>
<option value="faces.html">faces</option>
<option value="frame.html">frame</option>
<option value="helix.html">helix</option>
<option value="label.html">label</option>
<option value="lights.html">lights</option>
<option value="points.html">points</option>
<option value="pyramid.html">pyramid</option>
<option value="ring.html">ring</option>
<option value="sphere.html">sphere</option>
<option value="text.html">text</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">Work with objects:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu5" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose an option</option>
<option value="color.html">Color/Opacity</option>
<option value="materials.html">Materials/Textures</option>
<option value="shapes.html">Shapes Library</option>
<option value="paths.html">Paths Library</option>
<option value="defaults.html">Defaults</option>
<option value="rate.html">Animation Speed</option>
<option value="rotation.html">Rotations</option>
<option value="options.html">Additional Options</option>
<option value="delete.html">Delete an Object</option>
<option value="float.html">3/4 = 0?</option>
<option value="controls.html">Buttons/Sliders</option>
<option value="graph.html">Graphs</option>
<option value="lights.html">Lighting</option>
<option value="files.html">Read/Write Files</option>
<option value="trail.html">Leaving a Trail</option>
<option value="vector.html">Vector Operations </option>
<option value="factorial.html">factorial/combin</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">Windows & Events:</p>
<select name="jumpMenu4" id="jumpMenu6" onchange="MM_jumpMenu('parent',this,0)">
<option>Choose a topic</option>
<option value="display.html">Windows</option>
<option value="mouse.html">Mouse Events</option>
<option value="mouse_click.html"> Mouse Click</option>
<option value="mouse_drag.html"> Mouse Drag</option>
<option value="keyboard.html">Keyboard Events</option>
</select>
<p class="Normal">What's new in <a href="new_features.html">Visual 5</a></p>
<p class="Normal"><a href="http://vpython.org" target="_blank">VPython web site</a><br />
<a href="license.txt" target="_blank">Visual license</a><br />
<a href="http://www.python.org" target="_blank">Python web site</a> <br />
<a href="http://www.python.org/doc/2.5.2/lib/module-math.html" target="_blank">Math module</a> (sqrt etc.)<br />
<a href="http://www.scipy.org/Documentation" target="_blank">Numpy module</a> (arrays) </p></td>
<td width="21" valign="top" bgcolor="#FFFFFF"><!--DWLayoutEmptyCell--> </td>
<td width="586" rowspan="2" valign="top"><!-- InstanceBeginEditable name="content" -->
<table width="100%" border="1">
<tr>
<td width="53%"><div align="center"><span class="style3 style4 style5"><font
color="#ff0000">The Visual Module of VPython</font></span> </div>
<p class="centered">Version 5.74</p></td>
<td width="37%"><img src="images/material_etc.jpg" alt="materialetc" width="334" height="235" /></td>
</tr>
</table>
<p class="Normal"> VPython is the Python programming language plus a 3D
graphics module called "Visual" originated by David Scherer in 2000. This
documentation describes all of the Visual capabilities. </p>
<p align="center" ><font face="Verdana, Arial, Helvetica, sans-serif"><strong>For a quick introduction, see <a href="http://www.youtube.com/vpythonvideos" target="_blank">youtube.com/vpythonvideos</a></strong><a href="http://www.youtube.com/vpythonvideos" target="_blank"></a></font></p>
<p class="Normal">Descriptions of the options available in the left margin:</p>
<blockquote>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2"><a href="VisualIntro.html">Introduction:</a></span> The basics of Python and VPython.</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2"><a href="VPython_Intro.pdf">Tutorial:</a></span> More on VPython,
including making an animation</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style2"><strong><a href="primitives.html">Pictures of 3D objects:</a></strong></span> What
the objects look like</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2">Choose a 3D object:</span> Details of cylinder, box, etc. Start with <a href="cylinder.html">cylinder</a> for an overview. </p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2">Work with 3D objects:</span> Issues that apply to all 3D objects: color, material, etc.</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2">Windows, Events, & Files:</span> Creating/modifying
windows; handling mouse/ keyboard events; reading/writing files</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2"><a href="vector.html">Vector operations:</a></span> Magnitude, dot and cross product, rotation, etc.</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2"><a href="graph.html">Graphs:</a></span> Making graphs of data. </p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2"><a href="factorial.html">factorial/combin:</a></span> Special functions used in probability calculations.</p>
<p class="Normal"><span class="style1 style2"><a href="new_features.html">What's new:</a></span> Features new
in Visual 5. </p>
</blockquote>
<p class="Normal"><strong>Be sure to explore the many example programs that are installed with Visual. </strong><br />
</p>
<p class="Normal"> </p>
<p class="Normal">To invoke the Visual
module, place the following statement at the start of the file:</p>
<p class="program"> from visual import * </p>
<p class="Normal">If you are using Python 2.7 or earlier, to make sure that 3/4 is treated as 0.75 rather than zero, start your program with the following statements (there are two underlines before <strong>future</strong> and two underlines after <strong>future</strong>):</p>
<p class="program">from __future__ import division<br />
from visual import * </p>
<div>
<p class="Normal">This is not necessary with Python 3.0 or later, but it doesn't hurt, and including the division statement ensures that your program will handle division the same way on all versions of Python.</p>
<p class="style1">For experienced programmers</p>
<p class="Normal">As a convenience to novice programmers to provide everything that is needed to get started, the statement "from visual import *" imports all of the Visual features and executes "from math import *" and "from numpy import *". It also arranges that for routines common to both math and numpy such as sqrt, the much faster math routine is used when possible (when the argument is a scalar rather than an array). </p>
<p class="Normal">If you want to import the visual objects selectively, import them from the vis module. Two simple examples:</p>
<p class="program">import vis<br />
vis.box(color=vis.color.orange,material=vis.materials.wood)</p>
<p class="Normal"> </p>
<p class="program">from vis import (box, color, materials)<br />
box(color=color.orange, material=materials.wood) </p>
<p class="Normal">There are clean modules vis.controls, vis.filedialog, and vis.graph equivalent to the modules visual.controls, visual.filedialog, and visual.graph. The latter versions execute "from visual import *" and are retained because some programs expect that behavior when importing one of these modules.</p>
<p class="Normal">The documentation is written assuming that "from visual import *" is used. </p>
<p class="Normal">VPython documentation was produced by Ruth Chabay,
David Scherer, and Bruce Sherwood.</p>
</div>
<!-- InstanceEndEditable --></td>
</tr>
<tr>
<td height="16" colspan="4"></td>
</tr>
</table>
</body>
<!-- InstanceEnd --></html>