/*
 * Copyright 2002-2019 the original author or authors.
 *
 * Licensed under the Apache License, Version 2.0 (the "License");
 * you may not use this file except in compliance with the License.
 * You may obtain a copy of the License at
 *
 *      https://www.apache.org/licenses/LICENSE-2.0
 *
 * Unless required by applicable law or agreed to in writing, software
 * distributed under the License is distributed on an "AS IS" BASIS,
 * WITHOUT WARRANTIES OR CONDITIONS OF ANY KIND, either express or implied.
 * See the License for the specific language governing permissions and
 * limitations under the License.
 */

package org.springframework.test.util;

import java.lang.annotation.Annotation;
import java.util.HashSet;
import java.util.Set;

import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotatedElementUtils;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationAttributes;
import org.springframework.core.annotation.AnnotationUtils;
import org.springframework.core.style.ToStringCreator;
import org.springframework.lang.Nullable;
import org.springframework.util.Assert;
import org.springframework.util.ObjectUtils;

/**
 * {@code MetaAnnotationUtils} is a collection of utility methods that complements
 * the standard support already available in {@link AnnotationUtils}.
 *
 * <p>Whereas {@code AnnotationUtils} provides utilities for <em>getting</em> or
 * <em>finding</em> an annotation, {@code MetaAnnotationUtils} goes a step further
 * by providing support for determining the <em>root class</em> on which an
 * annotation is declared, either directly or indirectly via a <em>composed
 * annotation</em>. This additional information is encapsulated in an
 * {@link AnnotationDescriptor}.
 *
 * <p>The additional information provided by an {@code AnnotationDescriptor} is
 * required by the <em>Spring TestContext Framework</em> in order to be able to
 * support class hierarchy traversals for annotations such as
 * {@link org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration @ContextConfiguration},
 * {@link org.springframework.test.context.TestExecutionListeners @TestExecutionListeners},
 * and {@link org.springframework.test.context.ActiveProfiles @ActiveProfiles}
 * which offer support for merging and overriding various <em>inherited</em>
 * annotation attributes (e.g.
 * {@link org.springframework.test.context.ContextConfiguration#inheritLocations}).
 *
 * @author Sam Brannen
 * @since 4.0
 * @see AnnotationUtils
 * @see AnnotationDescriptor
 */
public abstract class MetaAnnotationUtils {

	/**
	 * Find the {@link AnnotationDescriptor} for the supplied {@code annotationType}
	 * on the supplied {@link Class}, traversing its annotations, interfaces, and
	 * superclasses if no annotation can be found on the given class itself.
	 * <p>This method explicitly handles class-level annotations which are not
	 * declared as {@linkplain java.lang.annotation.Inherited inherited} <em>as
	 * well as meta-annotations</em>.
	 * <p>The algorithm operates as follows:
	 * <ol>
	 * <li>Search for the annotation on the given class and return a corresponding
	 * {@code AnnotationDescriptor} if found.
	 * <li>Recursively search through all annotations that the given class declares.
	 * <li>Recursively search through all interfaces implemented by the given class.
	 * <li>Recursively search through the superclass hierarchy of the given class.
	 * </ol>
	 * <p>In this context, the term <em>recursively</em> means that the search
	 * process continues by returning to step #1 with the current annotation,
	 * interface, or superclass as the class to look for annotations on.
	 * @param clazz the class to look for annotations on
	 * @param annotationType the type of annotation to look for
	 * @return the corresponding annotation descriptor if the annotation was found;
	 * otherwise {@code null}
	 * @see #findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(Class, Class...)
	 */
	@Nullable
	public static <T extends Annotation> AnnotationDescriptor<T> findAnnotationDescriptor(
			Class<?> clazz, Class<T> annotationType) {

		return findAnnotationDescriptor(clazz, new HashSet<>(), annotationType);
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the search algorithm for {@link #findAnnotationDescriptor(Class, Class)},
	 * avoiding endless recursion by tracking which annotations have already been
	 * <em>visited</em>.
	 * @param clazz the class to look for annotations on
	 * @param visited the set of annotations that have already been visited
	 * @param annotationType the type of annotation to look for
	 * @return the corresponding annotation descriptor if the annotation was found;
	 * otherwise {@code null}
	 */
	@Nullable
	private static <T extends Annotation> AnnotationDescriptor<T> findAnnotationDescriptor(
			@Nullable Class<?> clazz, Set<Annotation> visited, Class<T> annotationType) {

		Assert.notNull(annotationType, "Annotation type must not be null");
		if (clazz == null || Object.class == clazz) {
			return null;
		}

		// Declared locally?
		if (AnnotationUtils.isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(annotationType, clazz)) {
			return new AnnotationDescriptor<>(clazz, clazz.getAnnotation(annotationType));
		}

		// Declared on a composed annotation (i.e., as a meta-annotation)?
		for (Annotation composedAnn : clazz.getDeclaredAnnotations()) {
			Class<? extends Annotation> composedType = composedAnn.annotationType();
			if (!AnnotationUtils.isInJavaLangAnnotationPackage(composedType.getName()) && visited.add(composedAnn)) {
				AnnotationDescriptor<T> descriptor = findAnnotationDescriptor(composedType, visited, annotationType);
				if (descriptor != null) {
					return new AnnotationDescriptor<>(
							clazz, descriptor.getDeclaringClass(), composedAnn, descriptor.getAnnotation());
				}
			}
		}

		// Declared on interface?
		for (Class<?> ifc : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
			AnnotationDescriptor<T> descriptor = findAnnotationDescriptor(ifc, visited, annotationType);
			if (descriptor != null) {
				return new AnnotationDescriptor<>(clazz, descriptor.getDeclaringClass(),
						descriptor.getComposedAnnotation(), descriptor.getAnnotation());
			}
		}

		// Declared on a superclass?
		return findAnnotationDescriptor(clazz.getSuperclass(), visited, annotationType);
	}

	/**
	 * Find the {@link UntypedAnnotationDescriptor} for the first {@link Class}
	 * in the inheritance hierarchy of the specified {@code clazz} (including
	 * the specified {@code clazz} itself) which declares at least one of the
	 * specified {@code annotationTypes}.
	 * <p>This method traverses the annotations, interfaces, and superclasses
	 * of the specified {@code clazz} if no annotation can be found on the given
	 * class itself.
	 * <p>This method explicitly handles class-level annotations which are not
	 * declared as {@linkplain java.lang.annotation.Inherited inherited} <em>as
	 * well as meta-annotations</em>.
	 * <p>The algorithm operates as follows:
	 * <ol>
	 * <li>Search for a local declaration of one of the annotation types on
	 * the given class and return a corresponding {@code UntypedAnnotationDescriptor}
	 * if found.
	 * <li>Recursively search through all annotations that the given class declares.
	 * <li>Recursively search through all interfaces implemented by the given class.
	 * <li>Recursively search through the superclass hierarchy of the given class.
	 * </ol>
	 * <p>In this context, the term <em>recursively</em> means that the search
	 * process continues by returning to step #1 with the current annotation,
	 * interface, or superclass as the class to look for annotations on.
	 * @param clazz the class to look for annotations on
	 * @param annotationTypes the types of annotations to look for
	 * @return the corresponding annotation descriptor if one of the annotations
	 * was found; otherwise {@code null}
	 * @see #findAnnotationDescriptor(Class, Class)
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@Nullable
	public static UntypedAnnotationDescriptor findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(
			Class<?> clazz, Class<? extends Annotation>... annotationTypes) {

		return findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(clazz, new HashSet<>(), annotationTypes);
	}

	/**
	 * Perform the search algorithm for {@link #findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(Class, Class...)},
	 * avoiding endless recursion by tracking which annotations have already been
	 * <em>visited</em>.
	 * @param clazz the class to look for annotations on
	 * @param visited the set of annotations that have already been visited
	 * @param annotationTypes the types of annotations to look for
	 * @return the corresponding annotation descriptor if one of the annotations
	 * was found; otherwise {@code null}
	 */
	@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
	@Nullable
	private static UntypedAnnotationDescriptor findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(@Nullable Class<?> clazz,
			Set<Annotation> visited, Class<? extends Annotation>... annotationTypes) {

		assertNonEmptyAnnotationTypeArray(annotationTypes, "The list of annotation types must not be empty");
		if (clazz == null || Object.class == clazz) {
			return null;
		}

		// Declared locally?
		for (Class<? extends Annotation> annotationType : annotationTypes) {
			if (AnnotationUtils.isAnnotationDeclaredLocally(annotationType, clazz)) {
				return new UntypedAnnotationDescriptor(clazz, clazz.getAnnotation(annotationType));
			}
		}

		// Declared on a composed annotation (i.e., as a meta-annotation)?
		for (Annotation composedAnnotation : clazz.getDeclaredAnnotations()) {
			if (!AnnotationUtils.isInJavaLangAnnotationPackage(composedAnnotation) && visited.add(composedAnnotation)) {
				UntypedAnnotationDescriptor descriptor = findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(
						composedAnnotation.annotationType(), visited, annotationTypes);
				if (descriptor != null) {
					return new UntypedAnnotationDescriptor(clazz, descriptor.getDeclaringClass(),
							composedAnnotation, descriptor.getAnnotation());
				}
			}
		}

		// Declared on interface?
		for (Class<?> ifc : clazz.getInterfaces()) {
			UntypedAnnotationDescriptor descriptor = findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(ifc, visited, annotationTypes);
			if (descriptor != null) {
				return new UntypedAnnotationDescriptor(clazz, descriptor.getDeclaringClass(),
						descriptor.getComposedAnnotation(), descriptor.getAnnotation());
			}
		}

		// Declared on a superclass?
		return findAnnotationDescriptorForTypes(clazz.getSuperclass(), visited, annotationTypes);
	}

	private static void assertNonEmptyAnnotationTypeArray(Class<?>[] annotationTypes, String message) {
		if (ObjectUtils.isEmpty(annotationTypes)) {
			throw new IllegalArgumentException(message);
		}
		for (Class<?> clazz : annotationTypes) {
			if (!Annotation.class.isAssignableFrom(clazz)) {
				throw new IllegalArgumentException("Array elements must be of type Annotation");
			}
		}
	}


	/**
	 * Descriptor for an {@link Annotation}, including the {@linkplain
	 * #getDeclaringClass() class} on which the annotation is <em>declared</em>
	 * as well as the actual {@linkplain #getAnnotation() annotation} instance.
	 * <p>If the annotation is used as a meta-annotation, the descriptor also includes
	 * the {@linkplain #getComposedAnnotation() composed annotation} on which the
	 * annotation is present. In such cases, the <em>root declaring class</em> is
	 * not directly annotated with the annotation but rather indirectly via the
	 * composed annotation.
	 * <p>Given the following example, if we are searching for the {@code @Transactional}
	 * annotation <em>on</em> the {@code TransactionalTests} class, then the
	 * properties of the {@code AnnotationDescriptor} would be as follows.
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>rootDeclaringClass: {@code TransactionalTests} class object</li>
	 * <li>declaringClass: {@code TransactionalTests} class object</li>
	 * <li>composedAnnotation: {@code null}</li>
	 * <li>annotation: instance of the {@code Transactional} annotation</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * <p><pre style="code">
	 * &#064;Transactional
	 * &#064;ContextConfiguration({"/test-datasource.xml", "/repository-config.xml"})
	 * public class TransactionalTests { }
	 * </pre>
	 * <p>Given the following example, if we are searching for the {@code @Transactional}
	 * annotation <em>on</em> the {@code UserRepositoryTests} class, then the
	 * properties of the {@code AnnotationDescriptor} would be as follows.
	 * <ul>
	 * <li>rootDeclaringClass: {@code UserRepositoryTests} class object</li>
	 * <li>declaringClass: {@code RepositoryTests} class object</li>
	 * <li>composedAnnotation: instance of the {@code RepositoryTests} annotation</li>
	 * <li>annotation: instance of the {@code Transactional} annotation</li>
	 * </ul>
	 * <p><pre style="code">
	 * &#064;Transactional
	 * &#064;ContextConfiguration({"/test-datasource.xml", "/repository-config.xml"})
	 * &#064;Retention(RetentionPolicy.RUNTIME)
	 * public &#064;interface RepositoryTests { }
	 *
	 * &#064;RepositoryTests
	 * public class UserRepositoryTests { }
	 * </pre>
	 *
	 * @param <T> the annotation type
	 */
	public static class AnnotationDescriptor<T extends Annotation> {

		private final Class<?> rootDeclaringClass;

		private final Class<?> declaringClass;

		@Nullable
		private final Annotation composedAnnotation;

		private final T annotation;

		private final AnnotationAttributes annotationAttributes;

		public AnnotationDescriptor(Class<?> rootDeclaringClass, T annotation) {
			this(rootDeclaringClass, rootDeclaringClass, null, annotation);
		}

		public AnnotationDescriptor(Class<?> rootDeclaringClass, Class<?> declaringClass,
				@Nullable Annotation composedAnnotation, T annotation) {

			Assert.notNull(rootDeclaringClass, "'rootDeclaringClass' must not be null");
			Assert.notNull(annotation, "Annotation must not be null");
			this.rootDeclaringClass = rootDeclaringClass;
			this.declaringClass = declaringClass;
			this.composedAnnotation = composedAnnotation;
			this.annotation = annotation;
			AnnotationAttributes attributes = AnnotatedElementUtils.findMergedAnnotationAttributes(
					rootDeclaringClass, annotation.annotationType().getName(), false, false);
			Assert.state(attributes != null, "No annotation attributes");
			this.annotationAttributes = attributes;
		}

		public Class<?> getRootDeclaringClass() {
			return this.rootDeclaringClass;
		}

		public Class<?> getDeclaringClass() {
			return this.declaringClass;
		}

		public T getAnnotation() {
			return this.annotation;
		}

		/**
		 * Synthesize the merged {@link #getAnnotationAttributes AnnotationAttributes}
		 * in this descriptor back into an annotation of the target
		 * {@linkplain #getAnnotationType annotation type}.
		 * @since 4.2
		 * @see #getAnnotationAttributes()
		 * @see #getAnnotationType()
		 * @see AnnotationUtils#synthesizeAnnotation(java.util.Map, Class, java.lang.reflect.AnnotatedElement)
		 */
		@SuppressWarnings("unchecked")
		public T synthesizeAnnotation() {
			return AnnotationUtils.synthesizeAnnotation(
					getAnnotationAttributes(), (Class<T>) getAnnotationType(), getRootDeclaringClass());
		}

		public Class<? extends Annotation> getAnnotationType() {
			return this.annotation.annotationType();
		}

		public AnnotationAttributes getAnnotationAttributes() {
			return this.annotationAttributes;
		}

		@Nullable
		public Annotation getComposedAnnotation() {
			return this.composedAnnotation;
		}

		@Nullable
		public Class<? extends Annotation> getComposedAnnotationType() {
			return (this.composedAnnotation != null ? this.composedAnnotation.annotationType() : null);
		}

		/**
		 * Provide a textual representation of this {@code AnnotationDescriptor}.
		 */
		@Override
		public String toString() {
			return new ToStringCreator(this)
					.append("rootDeclaringClass", this.rootDeclaringClass)
					.append("declaringClass", this.declaringClass)
					.append("composedAnnotation", this.composedAnnotation)
					.append("annotation", this.annotation)
					.toString();
		}
	}


	/**
	 * <em>Untyped</em> extension of {@code AnnotationDescriptor} that is used
	 * to describe the declaration of one of several candidate annotation types
	 * where the actual annotation type cannot be predetermined.
	 */
	public static class UntypedAnnotationDescriptor extends AnnotationDescriptor<Annotation> {

		public UntypedAnnotationDescriptor(Class<?> rootDeclaringClass, Annotation annotation) {
			this(rootDeclaringClass, rootDeclaringClass, null, annotation);
		}

		public UntypedAnnotationDescriptor(Class<?> rootDeclaringClass, Class<?> declaringClass,
				@Nullable Annotation composedAnnotation, Annotation annotation) {

			super(rootDeclaringClass, declaringClass, composedAnnotation, annotation);
		}

		/**
		 * Throws an {@link UnsupportedOperationException} since the type of annotation
		 * represented by the {@link #getAnnotationAttributes AnnotationAttributes} in
		 * an {@code UntypedAnnotationDescriptor} is unknown.
		 * @since 4.2
		 */
		@Override
		public Annotation synthesizeAnnotation() {
			throw new UnsupportedOperationException(
					"getMergedAnnotation() is unsupported in UntypedAnnotationDescriptor");
		}
	}

}
